Willow
A Python image library that sits on top of Pillow, Wand and OpenCV
Decision gist · record as of 2026-08-14
Yes, if you need a unified image API and want to avoid backend lock-in. Install friction is minimal, maintenance is active, and there are no known vulnerabilities. The permissive license poses no restriction. Only caveat: you must separately install at least one of Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV—Willow is a wrapper, not a standalone image library.AI-flagged interpretation of the facts on this page — verify before relying
Before you install
- Requires Python 3.10 or later; at least one of Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV must be installed for actual image processing (not bundled).
- Low friction: pure Python wheel with only two runtime dependencies (filetype and defusedxml).
- Actively maintained with recent commits and a stable release history since 2014.
License · maintenance · safety
permissive license (permissive) — Permissive BSD license allows commercial and private use with minimal restrictions, making it suitable for most projects without legal friction.
last release 2025-10-26 (292 days) · last repo commit 2026-07-12 · 282 stars
0 known vulnerabilities (OSV.dev, 2026-08-14) · 965,992 downloads/mo, #4,621 on PyPI
Alternatives
Verify before relying
from willow.image import Image
with open('test.png', 'rb') as f:
img = Image.open(f)
img = img.resize((100, 100))
with open('output.png', 'wb') as out:
img.save_as_png(out)- Whether Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV are optional or required dependencies (fact sheet lists only filetype and defusedxml as runtime deps).
- Performance characteristics when converting between different backend libraries.
- Whether all listed operations work reliably across all supported Python versions (3.10–3.14).
What it is and what it does
Willow is a wrapper library that unifies the APIs of Pillow, Wand, and OpenCV into a single interface, letting you work with images without needing to know which backend is available. It automatically converts images between libraries when an operation requires a specific backend—for example, face detection uses OpenCV even if you loaded the image with Pillow. The library supports basic image operations (resize, crop, rotate, format conversion) and more specialized tasks like face and feature detection.
It's written in pure Python and supports modern Python versions (3.10–3.14). You install it with low friction—only two small runtime dependencies—and then choose which image backends to install separately based on your needs. This makes it useful in environments where you want flexibility about which image library to use, or where you need to combine capabilities from multiple libraries in a single codebase.
Use it for
- Build a thumbnail generation service that works with Pillow when available but falls back to Wand on systems where Pillow isn't installed.
- Detect faces in user-uploaded photos by automatically routing to OpenCV when needed, without forcing users to learn OpenCV's API.
- Convert between image formats (PNG, JPEG, WebP, AVIF, HEIC) using a consistent API regardless of which backend is installed.
- Process animated GIFs with frame counting and manipulation across different backends.
- Rotate and crop images with a single codebase that works across Pillow, Wand, and OpenCV without conditional imports.
Worth the install?
AI-flagged interpretation of the facts on this page. Verify before relying on it.
Yes, if you need a unified image API and want to avoid backend lock-in.
Install friction is minimal, maintenance is active, and there are no known vulnerabilities. The permissive license poses no restriction. Only caveat: you must separately install at least one of Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV—Willow is a wrapper, not a standalone image library.
Install
willow on PyPI
Before you install
Low friction: pure Python wheel with only two runtime dependencies (filetype and defusedxml). Actively maintained with recent commits and a stable release history since 2014.
Requires Python 3.10 or later; at least one of Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV must be installed for actual image processing (not bundled).
License in practice
Permissive BSD license allows commercial and private use with minimal restrictions, making it suitable for most projects without legal friction.
Quickstart
from willow.image import Image
with open('test.png', 'rb') as f:
img = Image.open(f)
img = img.resize((100, 100))
with open('output.png', 'wb') as out:
img.save_as_png(out)Verify before relying
- Whether Pillow, Wand, or OpenCV are optional or required dependencies (fact sheet lists only filetype and defusedxml as runtime deps).
- Performance characteristics when converting between different backend libraries.
- Whether all listed operations work reliably across all supported Python versions (3.10–3.14).
Package facts
| License | permissive license permissive |
| Python support | Supports the current Python release >=3.10 |
| Install friction | Low. Pure-Python wheel |
| Runtime dependencies | 2 packagesfiletypedefusedxml |
| Maintenance | Actively maintained 292 days since the last release |
| Last repo commit | |
| First released | |
| Downloads | 965,992 / month, #4,621 on PyPI 30-day window, as of 2026-08-14 |
| Known vulnerabilities | None known OSV.dev, checked 2026-08-14 |
| Classifiers | Development Status :: 5 - Production/StableIntended Audience :: DevelopersLicense :: OSI Approved :: BSD LicenseOperating System :: OS IndependentProgramming Language :: PythonProgramming Language :: Python :: 3Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: OnlyProgramming Language :: Python :: 3.10Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14Topic :: Multimedia :: GraphicsTopic :: Multimedia :: Graphics :: Graphics Conversion |
Evidence: willow-1.12.0-py3-none-any.whl
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See also imutils · pilkit · python-resize-image · sorl-thumbnail · pillow-heif · pi-heif · pillow-jxl-plugin · pillow-avif-plugin · pilgram