---
id: markupsafe
version: "3.0.3"
license: BSD-3-Clause
license_treatment: permissive
maintenance: aging
---

# MarkupSafe — Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.

License: permissive · Maintenance: aging · Popularity: top 100 on PyPI

## Install

pip install markupsafe
uv add markupsafe
poetry add markupsafe

## Description

<div align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pallets/markupsafe/refs/heads/stable/docs/_static/markupsafe-name.svg" alt="" height="150"></div>

# MarkupSafe

MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is
safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are
replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates
injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed
on a page.


## Examples

```pycon
>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape

>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
>>> escape("<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>")
Markup('&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')

>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
>>> Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>")
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')

>>> escape(Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>"))
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')

>>> # Markup is a str subclass
>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>{name}</em>")
>>> template.format(name='"World"')
Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')
```

## Donate

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## AI interpretation — verify before relying

MarkupSafe provides a text object that escapes HTML and XML special characters, preventing injection attacks by safely rendering untrusted user input in markup contexts.

Verdict: MarkupSafe is a production-stable, zero-dependency library in the top 100 PyPI packages with no known vulnerabilities. Its aging maintenance status (320 days since last release) is typical for mature, feature-complete security libraries. BSD-3-Clause licensing poses no restrictions for most use cases.

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