---
id: beita6969/ScienceClaw/statistics
version: "3df5f269"
license: MIT
install: manual
updated: 2026-06-08
---

# statistics — This skill guides you through test selection for continuous, categorical, and time-to-event data across different study designs. It includes assumption verification methods, multiple comparison corrections, and effect size benchmarks to ensure rigorous analysis. Follow integrated reporting standards to communicate results with full transparency.

Publisher: beita6969 · Stars: 869 · Updated: 2026-06-08

Install (manual): `git clone https://github.com/beita6969/ScienceClaw`

## SKILL.md

# Statistical Analysis & Quality Control

## Overview
Comprehensive statistical methodology for scientific research. Covers test selection, assumption verification, power analysis, effect size reporting, and reporting standards.

## Test Selection Guide

| Data Type | Groups | Paired? | Normal? | Recommended Test |
|-----------|--------|---------|---------|-----------------|
| Continuous | 2 | No | Yes | Independent t-test |
| Continuous | 2 | No | No | Mann-Whitney U |
| Continuous | 2 | Yes | Yes | Paired t-test |
| Continuous | 2 | Yes | No | Wilcoxon signed-rank |
| Continuous | 3+ | No | Yes | One-way ANOVA + post hoc |
| Continuous | 3+ | No | No | Kruskal-Wallis + Dunn |
| Continuous | 3+ | Yes | Yes | Repeated measures ANOVA |
| Categorical | 2x2 | — | — | Chi-square / Fisher's exact |
| Time-to-event | 2+ | — | — | Log-rank + KM curves |
| Time-to-event | Adjusted | — | — | Cox proportional hazards |
| Continuous | Prediction | — | — | Linear/logistic regression |

## Assumption Checks
- **Normality**: Shapiro-Wilk (n < 50), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (n > 50), Q-Q plot visual
- **Homoscedasticity**: Levene's test, Bartlett's test
- **Independence**: study design review (not a statistical test)
- **Proportional hazards**: Schoenfeld residuals, log-log plot

## Multiple Comparison Correction
- **Bonferroni**: conservative, for few comparisons
- **Holm-Bonferroni**: step-down, less conservative than Bonferroni
- **FDR (Benjamini-Hochberg)**: for many comparisons (e.g., genomics)
- **Tukey HSD**: for all pairwise comparisons after ANOVA

## Effect Size Guidelines
| Measure | Small | Medium | Large |
|---------|-------|--------|-------|
| Cohen's d | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Pearson r | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Odds Ratio | 1.5 | 2.5 | 4.3 |
| R-squared | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.26 |

## Reporting Standards
- Always report: test statistic, degrees of freedom, exact p-value, effect size, 95% CI
- Follow STROBE (observational), CONSORT (RCTs), PRISMA (reviews), ARRIVE (animal)
- Never say "trend toward significance" for p > 0.05
- Report non-significant results honestly


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